1. D.J. Wiseman, Chronicle of Chaldaean Kings, p. 55 (B.M. 21901 line 10)

2. In the traditional history Psamtik I drove the Assyrians from Egypt in 664 B.C.  He must have been more than a youth to have successfully concluded such an adventuresome task.  If in his thirties then he must have been born around 700 B.C. and would be 84 year old at the time of the liason with Assyria.

3. Table 1 requires a brief word of explanation. The years of both Nabopolassar and Piankhi begin in the spring, around March/April of the year (see Table 2). Accordingly the first three months of the Julian year 616 B.C. would lie in the 9th year of Nabopolassar and the 22nd year of Piankhi, while the final three quarters of that same year would correspond to those kings 10th and 23rd years respectively.

4. Traditional history considers the Hatti lands mentioned in the Chronicles to be a reference to a neo-Hittite kingdom which flourished 800 years after the Hittite kingdom contemporary with the 18th dynasty.   This is clearly a fiction, as will be evident as the argument of this book continues.     

5. There was a time when I entertained the notion that the entire 18th dynasty belonged in the 7th/6th centuries. Research data will be provided in the third book of this series demonstrating many correspondences between several members of Piankhi's extended family and other 18th dynasty personalities, which at least suggest the possibility.

6. There remains a distinct possibility that Piankhi did not in fact copy the three non-cartouche forms of the titulary of Thutmose III.   They may have been uniquely his.   To date I am aware of no document which uses these names that cannot be attributed to Piankhi.

7. MDAIK 24 (1969) 58-62

8. TIP 525

9. BAR II 391 note a (on p.164)

10. G.A. Reisner and M.B. Reisner, "Inscribed monuments from Gebel Barkal: Part 2," ZAS 69 (1933) 32,33. The comments in round brackets ( ) belong to Reisner. Any additions by myself, here or elsewhere, are enclosed in square brackets [ ].

11. Ibid, p. 32,33.

12. There is no mention of chariots in the inscription. The text refers only to htrw-sn "their horses" and even adds the ideograph for horses, for good measure.

13. One copy is inscribed on the north end of the 6th pylon, accompanying the list of feasts and offerings, and the other two are found on the north and south sides respectively of the 8th pylon. Cf. BAR II 402 note a.

14. BAR II 402

15. BAR II 416 note d.

16. Breasted is forced to ignore the mention of Kadesh at the head of the list of conquered cities. In the context of the balance of the Annals, this can only refer to the Kadesh on the Orontes, only a few hundred miles from the Euphrates.

17. This list, according to Breasted, is inscribed "on the 8th pylon at Karnak, acting as an appendix to the third copy of the first list". BAR II 403 (p.171) note b.

18. On the assumption that Menkheperre is Piankhi we can see a parallel between Megiddo and Memphis, where several years earlier he had conquered the delta by capturing Memphis.

19. When we compare the dates recorded on the Chronicle with those provided by the Annals we are dealing with two disparate calendrical schemes. The Babylonian year, composed of lunar months, began and ended at the time of the new moon in March/April of the Julian year. As a consequence its beginning (Nisan 1) within the Julian solar year varied somewhat from year to year. The years of the king were numbered in parallel with those of the civil calendar. The Egyptian situation is quite different. From the annals we can determine that the years of the Menkheperre are numbered from the time of his coronation on the 4th day of the 9th month. What we do not know is precisely when the 1st month of the Egyptian year began in the Julian calendar. Breasted dates the first day of the new year (Thoth 1) in the fall of the year. But this dating assumes that Menkheperre belongs to the 15th century B.C., and it presumes the reliability of the sothic dating system. In the 7th century, according to several recent studies, the Egyptian year began around mid-December.

20. There is some evidence for this in a list of feasts inscribed by Menkheperre in the Amun temple. The feasts were instituted for the express purpose of celebrating the first victorious campaign and they contain reference to the king's presence in Egypt in the third month of the Egyptian year, thus late in October.

21. BAR IV 453